This study analyzes the depiction of the presidents of the great nations during the conflict times in CNN (Cable News Network) website. The present study will depend on a great extent on the visual framing theory in order to be able to identify the frames that appeared in the visual coverage of those presidents, according to the presumption of veracity that readers ascribe to the role of photographs in producing the meaning. Therefore, this study will be considered very timely.
The analysis is meant to focus on explaining how the international website presented the pictures of those presidents and how they are visually framed (involved or not, interacting or not… etc.). Also, the analysis will be based on (position of presidents focused or unfocused “foreground, background”, camera angle, types of shots… etc.).
The study will depend on the Survey method which is considered one of the most important basic research methods in Social Sciences, the study will analyze a period of three months.
A website is analyzed, which is CNN (Cable News Network).
In general, CNN did not try to provide a balanced visual coverage of the president bias or preferential treatment, which can be evaluated in a number of ways. Some studies focus on the amount of space allocated for president, others consider
We predicted that President Trump's photos would be more favorable than other presidents in terms of behavior, context, and perspective. By comparing the results, it was not as predicted.
Aday S., Entman R. Livingston S. (1988), "Media Power and U.S foreign Policy", Dynamics in Mass communication effects research", The Sage Handbook Political Communication, London.
Andrea Marie Pyka (2010), “Visual Framing of Patriotism and National Identity on the Covers of Der Spiegel”, Master's Theses, San Jose State University SJSU Scholar Works Master's Theses and Graduate Research Spring
Burgin V. (1982), "Thinking Photography", London, Macmillan.
Carol B. Schwalbe.,William Silcock (2008),‘Visual Framing of the Early Weeks of theU.S.-Led Invasion of Iraq: Applying the Master War Narrative to Electronic and Print Images’, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, Vol. (52), no.(3)
Christian von Sikorski, Thomas Schierl, Carsten Möller, and Kai P. Oberhäuser (2012),” Visual News Framing and Effects on Recipients’ Attitudes Toward Athletes With Physical Disabilities”, International Journal of Sport Communication 5, 69-86, Human Kinetics, Inc. German Sport University, Germany
D. Bruce, Michael (2014), "Framing Arab Spring Conflict: A Visual Analysis of coverage on five transitional Arab News channels", Journal of Middle East Media, (10), 1:22.
Dobernig K., Lobinger K. & Wetzstein I. (2010). "Covering Conflict; Differences in Visual and Verbal News Coverage Of The Gaza Crisis 2009in Four Weekly News Media, Journal Of Visual Literacy, (29), 88:105.
Dorris A. Garber (1988). "Processing the News; How People Tame and Information Tide, New York, Longman, Second Edition.
Entman, R. M. (1993). "Towards Clarification of A Fractured Paradigm", Journal Of Communication, 43 (4), 51:58.
Fahmy S. (2004). "Picturing Afghan Women: A Content Analysis Of AP Wire Photographs During The Taliban Regime & After The Fall Of The Taliban Regime, Gazette: The International Journal For Communication Studies, 66 (2), 99:112.
Garramone G. (1986). "A Study of Newsmagazine Photographs Of the 1984 Presidential Campaign", Journalism Quarterly, (63), 4, 728:734.
Gitlin, T. (1980). "The Whole World Is Watching Mass Media In The Making & Unmaking Of The New Left, Berkeley, University Of California.
Grabe M., Buce Erik (2009)."Image Bite Politics: News & The Visual Framing Of Elections", Oxford; Oxford University Press.
Greenwood K. (2005). "Picturing Presidents: A Content Analysis Of Photographs of Presidents from The Pictures Of The Year", Annual Conference of International Communication Association, New York.
Jayeon Lee (2016). Presidents’ visual presentations in their official photos: A cross-cultural analysis of the US and South Korea, Cogent Arts & Humanities, 3:1.
Jewitt C., Oyama R. (2001). "Visual Meaning: A Social Semiotic Approach", Handbook Of Visual Analysis, 134:156.
Joan L. Conners(2020), “VISUAL FRAMING OF 2014 US SENATE CAMPAIGN”, European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine. 07, (08).
John Miller(2013)," Visual Framing & Social Networking: A Content Analysis Of The 2012 Barack Obama & Mitt Romney Facebook Pages", Thesis, Degree Of Arts , Department Of Advertising & Public Relation, University Of Alabama.
Katy Parry(2010). “A visual framing analysis of British press photography during the 2006 Israel- Lebanon conflict”, University of Liverpool, vol. (3), no.(1).
Messaris P. & L. Abraham (2001)," The Role Of The Images In Framing News Stories" in S. Reese , O. Gandy and A. Grant, "Framing Public Life", Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Moriarity S., Popovich M. (1989). "News Magazine Visuals & The 1988 Presidential Election", Annual Meeting of The Association for Education in Journalism & Mass Communication, Washington, D.C.
Mullen J. Lawerence ( 1997). "The Presidents Visual Image from 1954 to 1974; An Analysis Of Spatial Configuration In News Magazine Photographs, Presidential Studies Quarterly, 27 (8), 819:834.
Paul D Anglo, (2002),"News Framing as a Multiparadigmatic Research Program: a Response to Entman” Journal of Communication, Volume 52, no.(4).
Semetko H. A., Valkenburg P.M (2000). "Framing European Politics: A Content Analysis Of Press & Television News, Journal Of Communication, 50 (2), 93:108.
Waters Grace (2015). "Threats, Parasites and Others: The Visual Framing Of Roma Migrants In The British Press, Media @ LSE, Department Of Media & Communication, MSC Dissertation.
Manimegalai Ambikapathy Maizurah Khathu Abdul Hamid, (2020) Visual Framing Of The By-Election Campaign In Malaysia: An Analysis Of Malay And English Dailies. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7, (8); 371:381
Mansour, R. (2021). Picturing Presidents in Conflict Times: A Content Analysis of Photographs in CNN. The Arab Journal of Media and Communication Research (AJMCR), 2021(32), 2-31. doi: 10.21608/jkom.2021.170775
MLA
Ralla Mansour. "Picturing Presidents in Conflict Times: A Content Analysis of Photographs in CNN", The Arab Journal of Media and Communication Research (AJMCR), 2021, 32, 2021, 2-31. doi: 10.21608/jkom.2021.170775
HARVARD
Mansour, R. (2021). 'Picturing Presidents in Conflict Times: A Content Analysis of Photographs in CNN', The Arab Journal of Media and Communication Research (AJMCR), 2021(32), pp. 2-31. doi: 10.21608/jkom.2021.170775
VANCOUVER
Mansour, R. Picturing Presidents in Conflict Times: A Content Analysis of Photographs in CNN. The Arab Journal of Media and Communication Research (AJMCR), 2021; 2021(32): 2-31. doi: 10.21608/jkom.2021.170775